Traditional House Of North Sumatera
According to the record Medan was established by Raja Guru Patimpus in 1590, between the river of Deli and Babura, which is now near Jalan Putri Hijau. From the name of the founder it is no doubt that he was influenced by Indian culture. The name of raja means king, and guru means master or teacher, while Patimpus is a local name. By 16th century it is known that in North Sumatra exist 2 kingdoms, one was Aceh and the other is Deli. Deli is the beginning of todays Medan city. During 16th century to 17th century it is recorded that between Aceh and Deli always struggle for emporium. The Deli capital of the kingdom according the British who visited the area in 1823 found it was still a village with only 200 people.
In the turn of 19th century the Dutch seized the land and made it as colonial area. Knowing the great potential of the land vast size and incomparable fertile, a Dutch enterprise developed an estate of tobacco growing. Later not only tobacco but also pepper, rubber, coffee, palm oil, tea, and mining. These enterprises developed between 1865 to 1900. One of the most important plantation estate is the Pabatu coffle estate which is still can be seen until now. Medan soon sprang into busy town reaching 100.000 population by 1900 within only less then a decade. The development of Medan into giant city was encouraged by the plantation estates that needs labors. Many labors were imported from China, Java and Kalimantan, beside local people who previously lived on the highland. With this development of the city after the independence of Indoneia continued to received new comers make the city as the 3rd biggest city in Indonesia to reach 2 million population by the turn of 21th century, and giving the city a cosmopolitan character.
Aceh Traditional House
The traditional house of the Aceh Province is called Rumah Aceh. The Acehnese houses always face north or south.
Along the peripheries of Banda Aceh, houses are usually compact wooden structures of a post-and-beam or H-structure, set ontop of flat, natural stones that are placed underneath each post. They are also known as “high houses” and are built onto tall posts to protect against animal attacks and flooding. No nails are used in the construction of Acehnese houses.
Floors are made of wooden planks or rattan of feather palm; thin, interlaced sections of split bamboo or coconut leaves make up the walls, and sago palm leaves or corrugated iron cover the steeply pitched roofs.
The house is divided into three sections:
- Front section [front verandah] : a wide room that stretches the entire length of the house, approached by a set of stairs at the front of the house .
- Middle section : usually composed of a corridor that connects the front and back sections of the houses, and flanked by bedrooms at its sides. The middle section is slightly higher in elevation than the front and back portions of the house (about half a meter).
- Back section : the most private section of the house (family room), where cooking usually takes place.
Symbolism was also incorporated into the design of an Acehnese house. The upper attic space represented the upper world or heaven, the middle living floor represented the middle world, and the bottom storage area represented the underworld.
The main frame of the house is usually erected with aid of communal labor and supervised by the village elders, religious leaders, and a master builder. To begin, the site must be prepared and blessed. An Acehnese home owner is most likely to be a woman. In Achnese tradition, when a daughter is married, her father gives her a separate dwelling. If the family is too poor, an annex will be erected onto their house.
Bali Traditional House
Speaking about Balinese house there are at least 3 types of architecturally observable. First, is the house compound which is consist of at least 4 pavilions plus a complex of family temple. Second is a standing alone house some time with a separate pavilion for kitchen, and the third is a housing complex, where rows of houses belong to a different families standing face to face at the left and right side of a slot of land. This third type a family usually has 2 houses, one as normal house and the other as kitchen. The first and second types are usually found at low land where people live with irrigation system. Their house compound or one standing house is normally enclosed by private wall with entrance gate called "angkul-angkul" The position of houses either in a dense complex or scattered in a long distance from one another. It is mostly built close one another except in some places which were supposed much later settlement. The third are where the houses are in a dense complex normally the settlement in highland. The area of a settlement is normally laid out on the right and left side of a main road. both on the right and left sides of the area is divided into many slots of land (courtyard ), in Balinese this slot is called " natah". In one natah some time consists of many families with the pattern of house of each family facing each other, as mentioned above. Most families on a natah usually originated from one single family who has been living for many generations, from a father and mother who had developed into many family units. When a village was first established it was probably close to the forest and to maintain the safety and security of the member they had probably form a close position to facilitate instant emergency contact. Seen from the structure of the houses regardless the types mentioned above seems that Balinese had not experienced any animal endangering since their house is low, in average 40 to 50 cm foundation's height from soil level. It is not like other ethnics such as Batak, Dayak, Toraja, Makassar, and others where their house is built on a high poles. In contrast, Balinese house showing an effort that it is equipped with anti magic elements. So it was probably in the past Balinese was more horrified by magic instead of real animal attack or might absence of this wild animal, as proved by biological study that Bali had ever only small leopard at west national park, it was already extinct in immemorial time. It was a belief that West Bali National Park was a lost city and until now is considered as the abode of invisible being. During rainy season the invisible being will go out far of their area to look for food materials. If they have to be visible to human being, they changed themselves into a tiger . But this is only a myth, and it was a prove that once a small species of leopard was ever living in West Bali National Park. A house for Balinese is an interwoven elements between super natural thoughts, land status, temples, cemetery, kinship, and social organization. Before proceeding to discuss about architectural style of the house we describe about these elements which also gives special characteristic to a house, especially the position and orientation. The following thoughts are considered in constructing a chouse.
Padang Traditional House
The Minangkabau are the Malaysian people who lives in the Padang highlands of West Sumatra. Typical of the house of Minangkabau is distinctive roofs, which look like buffalo horns. The word "Minangkabau" can actually be interpreted as a compound of the words menang (win) and kerbau (buffalo). This derives from a local legends that people relates that a buffalo fight was arranged by the locals and the people of the influential kingdom of Majapahit (eastern Java). The locals' buffalo was the winner and since that time they have called themselves the "buffalo winners", Minangkabau, as a proud testament to their strength and courage. The houses are called rumah gadang or large house and ain't inhabited by differents families, but by three or four generations who come from one ancestor and thus a rumah gadang is also a family unit, and each of the Minangkabau identifies completely with his or her own rumah gadang.
The rumah gadang has three main areas: immediately after the entrance comes a middle ares (rumah tongah), where there is normally a central post; adjoining this the anjuang, and the bedrooms (biliak). Opposite the anjuang is the kitchen and in front of that a large space (pangkalan), where visitors are received. While the long house is a meeting place for all, the rumah gadang is essentially a women's area; none of the men spends much time in the house with his mother or his wife, and the biliak (bedrooms) are seen as room of the house reflects a woman's life cycle, and forms a journey from the central post to the anjuang, then the biliak, and lastly to the kitchen. |
Joglo Traditional House
Joglo is the famous traditional building in Java, especially in Central Java. 
Joglo refers to traditional wooden house, which has building standard or it is called pakem in Javanese.
Commonly, joglo is made of high quality of teak woodsince this kind of wood is rather expensive, only wealthy or noble people have or can build it. At times part of it like the front door or called gebyog is made in luxurious handcraft with particular theme and has a specific meaning or philosophy. Therefore, a grand Javanese wooden house is highly priced.
Joglo has a specific home plan, which each part of it has a particular purport. The home plan of joglo may be devided into several parts, such as senthong and omah jero as a primary territory, jogan and gandhok as secondary territory, the pendapa as public territory.
Each territory has its own purpose and rules. Primary territory means only the owner has permanently and complete control ; senthong that means a room with partition used as a private room for the dwellers, the omah jero that has a similiar function to senthong. Next is secondary territory-a wide coverage area, which is periodically controlled. This room is not exclusively being used by the dwellers or certain people. Jogan and Gandhok including in this area are set as semi private rooms ; gandhok is usually set as a dining room or living room while jogan is used to receive informal guests or relatives. This part is different from pendapa that is a public territory to receive formal guests. In this public territory everyone is allowed as long as that person complies with certain condition in this area.
However, the home plan of Javanese wooden house can be developed in accordance to the needs. One of the reasons is this type of wooden house requires a spacious area that is difficult to find now. The cost is big as well that people will think twice to build it. There are also changes in its functions as meeting rooms, restaurants or hotels.
Lamin House
Rumah Lamin or Lamin House is a typical traditional house of the Dayak People from East Kalimantan. Lamin is a word from the Dayak language that means "long". In one Lamin House there are usually 5 to 10 families. They live together.
A Lamin House consists of several parts. The main part is the centre of the house. It is called Lamin Adet. Here the Kepala Suku or chief of the group lives.
The front part, called Serambi, is for social activities.Meetings and socials gatherings are held here. The left and right parts are called Lamin Sakai. Common people in the group live in these parts. Lamin Sakai is a very long building. It stretches around 50 to 100 meters. Of course it is too long to be used for one family.
Daily Activities 11st
Hi guys,
I wanted to told you about my activities today. Today I got up at five o’clock
in the morning. And in the school I got two examinations, it was chemistry and
mandarin. The chemistry examination, I thought it was difficult and I didn’t hope if
I would get a good value. But in mandarin examination, I can solved the questions very
well.
Those
were all my activities in the school.
Daily Activities 10th
Hello guys..My
activities today were very much. In the school I got a lot of dutied and
homework. The first lesson today was biology by Mrs.Rita. We still studied
about plant tissue and filled the correct answer in LKS. After studied biology,
the next lesson was Bahasa. In Bahasa, we studied about drama, and teacher
commanded us to made group. Each groups consist of seven students. But, I didn’t
get a group yet. I confused, may be them didn’t choosed me because I can’t did
acting.
The
next lesson was Computer, but the teacher didn’t come to my class. And to
filled my spare time, I studied for the next lesson. After this lesson
finished, all students took a rest. I didn’t took a rest, because my money was
leaving in my room, on the table, so I just stayed in the class. After rest
time finished, all students back to the
class and prepared stationery to math test. When I was seeing the questions one
by one, I thought I can did it. Proved, I couldn’t finish it because the time
not enough. So I got three questions, which were empty.
And
when in the house, I fell sleepiness, so after had lunch I immediately took a
nap. After that I made a glass of juice. And then at 5:00 pm I went to my
course in Balikpapan Baru. There, I studied math by Mrs.Ningsih. After finished
this, I went home by motorcycle. And arriving, I had dinner with my sister
only, because my brother was taking a course, my mother was devotion in the
church and my father was working. After that, we wacthed television about 1
hour and continued with studied.
After
all my activities were finished, arrived time to slept, before slept I kept
always prayed from all He did to me today.
Daily Activities 9
Hi
guys ..
Come
back again in my daily activities.
Today I got up at 5:00 am, because I would be
got two test today. First of all, I started with prayer. Then, I immediately
washed face to fresh my face and in order to ain’t sleepiness.
After
I completed learnt Math and Physics, I took a shower, had breakfast, and went
to school at 6:55 am. Arriving at school, I immediately went to class, cause
not long a math teacher will comed in. And his was coming, and commanded us to
submit all math books in front of the class. And then the math examination was
started. When I wrote the rules on the paper, teacher said the test was
delayed. I didn’t know before, proved my school was having already gotten math,
physics, biology, and chemistry test from education service in Balikpapan. I
thought that not studied yet. But It must be passed. And then, I got biology
and chemistry test only and my friend beside me got physics and math. After finished
it, I didn’t think that I can got good value.
After
that I didn’t continue study, because teacher didn’t come in.
After
the needle’s clock pointed at 2:00 pm, we can went home.
Arriving
at home, I immediately had lunch and after that, took a rest. After got up, I
made a juice to supplied vitamins to my body. After drank it, I fell fresh.
At
5:00 pm, I took a bath and after that I
wacthed TV. At seven o’clock I had dinner with my family.
And
after that, I washed plates and feed my three dogs.
After
done it, I wacth but not too long, just one hour. And after that I studied and
repeated again what I had studied at school and course.
And
finally, I had already done my activities today. And I washed my feet, hands, and face, and
after that I went to bed. Before slept I kept always prayed to the Lord. And
after that I immediately slept.
Daily Activities 8
Hello
everyone ...
Today
I held school ceremony . In the middle of ceremony the rain was falled. And all
students commanded to rowed on the side of class.
After that
,I studied like usually. Biology, we did practiced in the biology’s
laboratorium, and my group got eight for scored.
And in
the home I took a coursed and studied for tomorrow examination.
Daily Activities 7
On
26th September 2010
Hello guys...Happy
Sunday...
Today
I got up at a half past six, and this morning I planned to played bicycle, but
I didn’t have enough time. Because this was Sunday and my family must prepared
to went to church. Before that, I cleaned and cleared my home and helped my mother cooked
in the kitchen.
And
after all were finished, we all went to school immediately with motorcycle. And
arriving at church I fell so happy. I didn’t know why.
And then,
in the church we prayed together, sang together, and listened Saying of God.
Three
words I wanted to said, that was amazing and great my God.
Daily Activities 6
On 25th September 2010
Hello guys,
now I want to told about my activities today.
I got
up at six o’clock in the morning, then I took a shower, tidied my room, had
breakfast, and ready to went to school.
In the
school, I would got the test for physics and english. So I had to memorized all
I had already studied yesterday.
Then
the first test was english, the questions just only twenty-five, but I thought
it was a little bit difficult.
And
the second was physics. The teacher couldn’t came because her was sick, so we didnt
got the test today. We were so happy to heard that.
And in
the evening, I have a organization in my church, it was held every Saturday.
There I got much lessons, where it didn’t meet in school.
And in
the night before slept, I prayed to The Lord and after that I immediatelly
slept.
Daily Activities 5
I did
much activities today. From morning until evening.
Before
went to school, I prepared all things I must be brought.
After
that, I arrived at school seven o’clock in the cold morning. Then I voluntary
worked in my class.
After that,
I studied sport on the yard. It’s about how to played volleyball rightly.
Then I
played games on my friend’s laptop and studied physics a little.
Daily Activities 4
Hello
guys ..
I
want to posting about my activities today.
First
af all, I got up in the bright morning at six o’clock. And then short prayed.
After prayed, I took a bath, tidied my room, and had breakfast. After all had
already completed, immediately I went to school.
On
arriving at school, I went to my classroom directly. And today we’ll studied Chemistry,
Math, and Mandarin of course.
And
when Chemistry’s time, I have a cold, who made me always sneezes.
After chemistry
finished, we have a math examination and must finished 1 Hour.
Then we
studied Mandarin, it’s about how to wrote piyin
and little conversed.
After
all the lessons finish and the bell too rang, all the students may went to
home.
On
arriving at home I sneezes left. And I took a nap directly . After that I had
lunch and I took flu medicine. Then, I wattched TV and walked around my house.
After a
clock hand pointed at seven o’clock, I with my mother and sister had dinner.
After that I didn’t forget to fed my pets.
And I
repeated what I studied in the school and prepared books for tomorrow.
After
all finished, I cleaned my hand and feet then I went to slept.
That
was my activities today.
Daily Activities 3
Hello everyone
...
Now, I
want to tell you about my activities today. In the fresh morning, rain was
falling. And I went to school by motorcycle and wear raincoat. After arrived at
school, I immediately went to my classroom in biology’s laboratorium.
First, I studied Biology, that was still about plant
tissue.
Second,
I studied Bahasa Indonesia about how to make a letter power and a memo.
After
that, I taken a rest. In the canteen I bought some hot foods, which can made
our body warm, because the weather still cold.
Then,
after rest we studied TIK, and because the teacher didn’t come, so some
students did other activitied, like played laptop, joked, ate, and read novel.
During
nothing teacher, I told with my friends. And at the moment one my friend said
IMB. “Yes, what is the full form of IMB ?” Her said. And then she said IMB ain’t
Indonesia seek talent but Indonesia seek Betty. And so she suddenly could be
silent, and then suddenly again she laughed loudly. And I asked, Why do you
laughed? And she said that, she can’t thought if all people in Indonesia look
for Betty and how about the audiences. And she laughed all the time .
And
the last lesson was Math. We studied about only Hystogram.
And
then the bell was ringing, the sign that we can went to home. And I like that.
After
I arrived in my house, I had lunch and immediately taken a nap. Aften that I
went to course in Balikpapan Baru.
And
after that, I kept always had dinner, studied and finished my homeworks,
watched television, and always prayed before went to bed.
That
is all my activities today .
Daily Activities 2
On Tuesday,
21st September 2010
Today
I want get up at five o’clock but I don’t hear my alarm is ringing, so I get up
at six o’clock. After that I pray and clean my bed, and take a bath. After that
I have breakfast at half past six. Then I ready to go to school. Everyday I go
to school with my sister, her name is Tetty. She is study in SD 029. So I’m not
go to my school first, but to my sister’s school to delivery her.
After
arrive at school, I see some students are doing their homework in the school.
But it is usual for us.
At
aquarter past seven, the bell rings and all the students enter to each class
respective.
And
today I study Math, Physics, Pkn, and Chemistry.
First
lesson we study math about representing data in form histogram, polygon, and
ogive.
Second
lesson we study Physics. When the teacher already has comed, she commands us to
do questions on LKS. She says, if there is who can solve the questions, come to
write that on the whiteboard. So I enthusiastic to do that. But when I finish
and ask the teacher about my work, it’s almost true. And then no one can do it
true, so the teacher solve the solution for us.
Third lesson
is PKn. Before the teacher comes, I study short because today we’ll get a test.
And after teacher comes, the examination is started. About one hour later, we
finish it and checked soon. All students get bad score, only two are clear. So
we get homework and must be submit it tomorrow.
And the
last lesson is Chemistry, we study about thermochemistry.
After one a half later, the bell is ringing
and all students can go home.
After
arrive at home, I feel so hungry and tired. So after arrive, promptly I have
lunch and take a nap.
Approximately
at five o’clock in the afternoon I get up and wacth television and after that I
take a bath.
At
seven o’clock, I have dinner. After that, go to my room and do all my
homeworks. And it is finish at midnight.
After all
are done, I go to bed, pray, and sleep soon, because I am very sleepiness.
That’s
all my daily activities.
Daily Activities
On Monday, 20thSeptember 2010
Today
I get up at six o’clock and then pray short. After that I prepare all things I
must bring to school.
At School before study, all the students have to participate in the ceremony which
hold every Monday. Appromaximately this ceremony until eight o’clock. After the ceremony finish, all students disperse and go back to their classroom
respectively.
My
lessons’ schedule today are Bahasa Indonesia, Chemistry, English, and Biology.
First
we’re studied Bahasa Indonesia by Mrs. Nira Surya. We study about how to make
proposal and how to make Sell-Buy Letter.
Second
is Chemistry, we ain’t study that because we are having Bahasa Indonesia’s
duty, which must be finish before first rest.
And after we have done this job, one of my friends submit the duty to Mrs. Nira’s table.
And after we have done this job, one of my friends submit the duty to Mrs. Nira’s table.
Third is
English, teached by Mrs. Eny Kurniati , her teaches us about Simple Present
Tense, Simple Past Tense, and Narrative Text, but only the big line.
And the
last lesson is Biology, teached by Mrs. Rita. The biology today, we study only about Plant Tissue.
After
all are finish, the bell is ringing and all students prepare to go home. There are
who drive motorcycle and there are who drive car, and other by foot.
After I have already arrived at home, I have lunch soon and take a nap, not long. After that I prepare to
go to my course. It is about five o’clock. When in the course I study math, who
teached by Mrs. Ningsih. Appromaximately one hour later, I finish my course today and go back
to home by motorcycle.
Then,
I have dinner together with my family, and the menu today is very delicious. And
after finish eat, I feed rice to my dogs.
And
after that, I watch television about 1 hour and then continued by study and do
my homeworks. After that I go to bed and pray before sleep.
And that’s all my activities today.
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